Journal: Current biology : CB

Article Title: Glutamylation regulates transport, specializes function, and sculpts the structure of cilia

doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.066

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Cartoon (modified from [7] shows CEM EV “shedding,” which produces the EVs surrounding the CEM ciliary base inside a lumen formed by the sheath and socket glial cells; and EV “release” from CEM ciliated neurons to the environment. (B) Diagram shows PKD-2∷GFP-labeled EVs released from CEMs float and accumulate at the cover slip. (C) Abundant PKD-2∷GFP-labeled EVs were released outside from CEM neurons in wild-type adult males (several EVs indicated by arrowheads). Few EVs were seen in ttll-11 mutants. (D) Quantification of EVs released to the local environment by sensory ciliated CEM neurons in adult male head. N animals scored in parentheses for each genotype. See Figure S4 for images of additional genotypes, as well as images of PKD-2∷GFP-labeled EVs released by neurons in the male tail in adults and L4 larvae. (E) EVs shed into the glial lumen were reconstructed and counted from serial TEM sections. Representative sections are shown in Fig. S5. See also Table S1. In parentheses, N = cilia scored. (Mean ± sem;* p=0.0153; ** p=0.0065; ***p<0.001 by ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests.)

Article Snippet: Serial section TEM analysis of ttll-11 mutant male CEM cilia revealed that MT doublets extended along the entire length of the axoneme and failed to splay into singlets ( ).

Techniques: Modification, Labeling

Journal: Current biology : CB

Article Title: Glutamylation regulates transport, specializes function, and sculpts the structure of cilia

doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.066

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative TEM sections through middle regions of CEM cilia in genotypes indicated, characterized by singlets in the wild type. Illustrations indicate position of CEM cilium and MTs, as well as the CEP cilium. Scale bar = 250nm. (B) A series of CEM middle sections from ccpp-1 mutants. Open “C-shaped” tubules in section 2 are indicated by arrows. Approximate locations of numbered sections indicated by red dotted lines in panel C. Scale bar = 50nm. (C) Cartoon model of a single outer doublet microtubule along the ciliary length for wild type (WT), ttll-11, ccpp-1, and ccpp-1; ttll-11 double mutant genotypes. See also Table S1.

Article Snippet: Serial section TEM analysis of ttll-11 mutant male CEM cilia revealed that MT doublets extended along the entire length of the axoneme and failed to splay into singlets ( ).

Techniques: Mutagenesis